ფრანც კაფკას ნოველა „განაჩენის“ („Das Urteil“) ეგზისტენციალური სივრცე

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

Key Words: Franz Kafka, the modernist Prose, Parabolism. As generally believed, for the modernist prose in general, and specifically significant in Franz Kafka’s prose is the essential feature of his poetical (allegorical essence), which in this case refers to the entire text which is a combination and a synthesis of both realistic layers combined with the scope of irrational-surrealistic metaporical nature. But the parabolism of Kafka’s prose apart from purely artistic - fictional function (narration, text, structure and composition structuring, facial images) has ideological importance as well: namely, the palabolism of the texts is revealed, on the one hand, as a character existential slf-understanding, and on the other hand, as the parabelic-allegoric method of intensifying existential alienation in discourse.

The typical manifestation of such parabolic nature is Franz Kafka’s short story “Metamorphosis” (“Verwandlung”), where the transformation of the main character into a parasite insect is a pure parabolic topos: The Metamorphosis topos in this case plays the artistic tool to show alienation and intensify the reality and his attitude towards reality. Accordingly, the parabolism revealed in Franz Kafka’s texts are not a private event, but could be understood as a general existential condition, general model of Existance (Modelsituation). The many topos related to law and enforcment in Franz Kafka’s prose are of the same parabolic function: investigation, judicial, labor penalty colony, as well as the titles which have much in common with law - “The Verdict” (“Das Urteil”), “Before the Law” (“Vor dem Gesetz”), ‘Process’ and others.

Accordingly, the essence of Kafka prose is that the parabolic topos specifics of the case is that each of Kafka’s literary texts general existential space is established as a human and not a specific criminal law area, established as a marker of the most fundamental existential circumstances. Therefore, the reader’s expectational horizon immediately destruct, as soon as one moves on to Franz Kafka’s text from the title, despite the titles and the judical terms or vocabulary (“sentences”, “process”, “before the law”, etc.) the readers are not part of some kind of trial, but indeed they are given the chace to find the purely existensial problematics in the era of modernism.

The same parabolic characteristics and “parabolic essences” is shared by the short story “The Verdict” (“Das Urteil”), which was published during Franz Kafka’s lifetime, which is encoded by sentence not only in the title but in the text as well, which deals with the verdict carried out by the father and the suicide commited by the son as a result. This is a purely existencial topos. The topos of the verdict accordingly is an artistic genralization and world outline from the standpoint of the author.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 15 (2014), გვ. 48–60. ნაშრომის გახსნა