ქართული ხალხური ცხოველთა ზღაპრების კომპარატივისტული ანალიზის ზოგიერთი საკითხი

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

Key words: animal tale, comparative analysi, archive material, type, relevance, combination.

Animal tale is one of the important groups of folktales having its characteristic form and content. Active collecting of the Georgian animal tales as well as of other types of folktales has been started from the second half of XX century, though many valuable texts were recoreded in XIX century. Looking through the history of the investigation of the Georgian animal tales we can perceive variety of investigations. At the end of XIX centery A. Khakhanashvili took the attantion to the animal tales. Late on this problem worked M. Chikovani, A. Tsanava, E. Virsaladze, P. Zandukeli, T. Kurdovanidze, R. Cholokhashvili. Their Researches showed the significance of the animal tales and the great interest of the scientists to the animal tales revealed for this reason.

It must be marked out that E. Virsaladze made the first systematization of the Georgian animal tales. The work was continued by T. Kurdovanidze and R. Cholokhashvili. In 2010-2012 under the support of Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation was realized the project “Electronic Platform of the Comparative Analysis of the Georgian Folk Prose” in the frame of which were studied the animal tales kept in the Folklore Archive of Shota Ruataveli Institute of Georgian Literature. Electronic programme created under the project (http://www.folktreasury.ge/Folklore) made it possible to analize the episodes of the tales and to compare them with the catalogue of the Types of International Folktales.

Result of the investigation is presented in the above mentioned electronic programme, which gives an opportunity for the wide-seale investigations of the comparative study of the Georgian folk repertoire. The investigation showed that in the Georgian animal tales the dominant is the block of wild animals ATU 1-99. The Electronic programme gave an opportunity to disclose the relevance of the types of the animal tales which is not reached by the catalogue of the Types of Internationale Folktales. Here are demonstrated the most popular types of the Georgian animal tales: 15 (“The Theft of Food by Playng Godfather”), 36 (“The Fox Rapes the She-Bear”), 20D* (“Piligrimage of the Animals”), 170 (“The Fox Eats His Fellow-Lodgers”), 47B (“The Horse Kicks the Wolf in the Teeth”), 130 (“The Animals in Night Quarters”), 219E* (“The Old Man Has a Rooster, the Old Women a Hen”), 2 (“The Tail-Fisher”), 9 (“The Unjust Partner”), 1 (“The Theft of Fish”), 103 (“War between Wild Animals and Domestic Animals”), 106* (“The Wolf and the Hog”), 122A (“The Wolf (Fox) Seeks Breakfast”), 122C (“The Sheep Persuades the Wolf to Sing before He Eats Him”), 122Z (“Other Rriks to Escape being Eaten”), 123 (“The Wolf and the Kids”), 10*** (“The Fall over the Edge”), 15* (“The Fox Entices the Wolf Away from Hus Booty”), 20C (”The Animals Flee in Fear of the Ebd of the World”), 41 (“The Wolf Overeats in the Caller”), 51 (“The Lion’s Share”), 68A (“The Jug as Trap”), 77 (“The Stag Admires Himself in a Spring”), 122D (“Caught Animal Promises Captor Better Prey”), 124 (“Blowing the House In”), 157 (“Animals Learn to Fear Men”), 179* (“tales Bear Pursues the Man”), 210 (“Rooster, Hen, Duck, Pin and Needle og a Journey”), 280A (“The Ant and the Cricket”), 2A (“Torn-Off Tails”), 2D (“The New Tail”), 37 (“The Fox as Nursemaid for the mother Bear”), 43 (“The Bear Build a House of Wood; the Fox, of Ice”), 47D (“The Dog Wants to Imitate the Wolf”), 56D (“Fox Asks Bird What She Does When Wind Blows”), 62 (“Peace among the Animals – the Fox and the Rooster”), 72D* (“Tales about Hares”), 78 (“Animal Tied to Another for Safety”), 80 (“The Rebounding Bow:), 110 (“Belling the Cat”), 113 (“The Mice Choose Cat as King”), 56A (“The Fox Threatens to Cut Down the Tree and Gets Young Birds”), 30 (“The Fox Tricks the Wolf into Falling into Pit”), 122B* (“The Squirrel Persuades the Fox to Play before Eating”), 122F (“Wait till I am Fat Enough“), 126A* (“The Frightened Wolves”), 130A (“Animals Build Themselves a House”), 130B (“Fleeing Animals Threatened with Death”), 159 (“Captured Wild Animals Ransom Themselves”), 178 (“The Faithful Animal Rashly Killed”) da 295 (“The Bean (Mouse), the Straw and the Coal”).

As we see for the Georgian animal tales the most relevant is ATU 15 (The Theft of Food by Godfather) type tales, after them comes ATU 36 type (The Fox Rapes the She- Bear). In the tales kept in the Folklore Archive most common combinations are: 2D+2; 9+2; 9+170; 15+1+36; 15+1+2+41+30; 15+1; 20C+15; 20C+122D; 20D*+47B; 20D*+15; 20D*+122Z+47B+122A; 36+20D*; 36+68A+15*; 37+41+10***+2+2A; 72D*+56A; 106*+122Z; 122A+47B; 122D+122F+122C; 106*+47B+122A; 130B+130; 2015+123+122C+10***; 248+9+219E**+531+517. According to the archive texts in the Georgian folk repertoire animal tales are not complex they are one-motif type rather than multi-motif creating simple composition of the tale.

Comparative study of the texts showed that the compound texts have combinations with their block type or anecdote types (e. g. 2015 – The Goat Who Would not Go Home) tales. There is only one case of combination with the tale of magic: 248+9+219E**+513+516. Thus the comparative study of the Georgian animal tales kept in the folklore archive depicted that the Georgian repertoire contains one-type tales rather than combined ones, which as a in consequence makes composition of the tales simple. There must be indicated also relevance and type combinations of the Georgian tales as well as many peculiarities characteristic to the national folk repertoire.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 15 (2014), გვ. 209–217. ნაშრომის გახსნა