მითისქმნადობის სპეციფიკა ვაჟა-ფშაველას პოემებში

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

Key words: Meeting, collective memory, generate.

Myth represents artistic and poetic origin of Vazha Pshavela’s epic poems – its preform, its main structural and perceptional principle. The object of our article is not an analysis of mythological forms in Vazha Pshavelas’s literature that are older than literature itself, but on the contrary – we are observing literature motifs, fabula or action that construct foundation of myth, that define, introduce and strengthens mythic structure. The correlation between mythic and poetic origins is evident in Vazha Pshavela’s literature. What are poetic devices used by author for attributing mythic features to his message, what is the content of these messages that are disclosed in “Aluda Qetelauri” and ,,Host and Guest”.

In “Aluda Qetelauri” as well as in “Host and Guest” the message function is attributed to the meeting as to exeptional occurrence. In “Host and Geuest” this iterational (repetitive) sign is represented as a realized micromodel (the rite of meeting of the three) in the final scene of the poem. Meeting is nothing else then a cronotopos of “intrusion” of metaphysical into the real world. The morphology of mankind existence is defined by meeting of dissimilar as well as by transformation dynamics caused by these meetings. It’s exactly the topos of meeting that gives birth to constant intention of human soul– free will against the established social norms also visible in Aluda’s character.

As an additional structure for myth creation Vazha Pshavela uses picture of nature e.g. in the final of “Host and Guest” we can see unexpectedly appeared invincible darkness. Snow and snowstorm, valance and ice that block Aludas’s road are not only the stylistic tools representing internal picture of protagonist, but also mental structure that strengthens mythic element in the poem. Vazha Pshavela’s stylistic tool of converting literature story into popular story could be considered as a product of mythic imagination. Author takes his ,,story’’ from individual consciousness and places it in the space of collective consciousness. The comment to final scene in “Host and Guest” “They tell about heroes…” is the reference to mythic words.

It is the myth derived from collective memory reminded by literature and once again involved in eternal cycle where mythic and poetic are still represented as undivided creative origin. It is directly related not only to the story told in the poem but to all the stories that had ever taken place and will happen in future in order to defend personal free will in the name of courage and relenting. In one of the phrases of “Host and Guest” “At nights they see the picture…” the word “see” is nothing else then “they say” transformed into visual image. Vazha Pshavela alludes to collective memory. Such expression as “they would say” “they say” are semantically loaded and aim at unfolding mythic layer.

These words are brought to create myth out of literature theme or fabula. They prepare reader to hear something universal and important. Narrator is a medium whose words are strengthened by words of similar mediums. However, poetic tool of constant repetition grants the story with undoubtful legitimation The myth is created by personal revision of collective experience. As far as it is an exceptional case that never stays on the level of individual experience, it finds its way to collective memory and is converted into common human experience. Once again Aluda’s and Jokhola’s images reveal invariational structure of archetypal image of every rebelled and punished hero.

This aspect is carefully proposed by Vazha Pshavela’s while depicting his main characters in apparently realistic narrative. Myth is the way to return to origin, to situate the word in enternal space. Author creates significances that will survive the test of time. Vazha Pshavela depicts tragedy that is followed by conflict with community and is constantly repeated. This aspect gives mythic features to his protagonists. The part of everyday life is now spread in eternal time. Author assigns ritual-symbolic meaning to farewell scene in “ALuda Qetelauri” and marks it with “eternal” sign (“once he wished to turn his head…”). This very move- ment represents an archetype of all the movements that eternally take place and that denote an essence of every change including radical changes such as death.

The turn, returning is the action marked by eternity. It is a sign of accomplishing one cycle. This is ever repeating action even though it happens “once”. The future myth structure created about Aluda Qetelauri is weaved exactly around this “once” quite similar to archetype of storytelling that is structured in the word “they say”. That is “said” – the picture that Vazha Pshavela depicts in the final scene – is repeated every night and represents the rite of friendship and solidarity. Aluda’s gesture of turning head is also the rite as it happenes once but forever. However, both are the rites of memorizing exceptional and essential human experience.

In “Host and Guest” reader can witness creation of myth of main heroes and inclu- sion of their actions in fundamental mythic layers (“every night they see the picture…”). However, we can observe the final stage of myth creation, when author is preparing main character and his environment to generate a myth. Exactly this mythic stracture is used to introduce the projection of future in Vazha Pshavela’s both poems.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 20/2 (2019), გვ. 20–34. ნაშრომის გახსნა