მოდერნიზმიდან პოსტ-პოსტმოდერნიზმამდე

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

Key words: Civilization, culture, society.

The XXIst century offers us the new rules of existentialism. The conflicts of the civilizations are uncovered. A human is in the process of looking for the ways to be in harmony with the outer world. The fastest development of the digital technologies helped the society to pass to the new cultural stage. According to his nature, a human has to exist in this or that kind of a sociaty. So, he is forced to find an existentialistic fulcrum. This “prop” is still found in the standards formed ramaz Wilaia and developed by the cultural forms typical to the given society. According to Nietzsche, the “Transformation of the Spirit” is possible and we must accept and understand it as a concept equal to the current global changes in the cultural sphere.

There is no development without changes and transformation; in every concrete case, as a major characteristics, we must consider the perception and freedom of a human. And the progress or development is determined by the changes of the attitude to the universe and understanding of the reality, the methods of perception, and limitless freedom. The culture-related space is understood and imagined as the variety of the interrelation of an economic, social, political, and spiritual expression; consequently, all the above-mentioned forms of human expressions are joined by the perception of the verity, outer world, and the nature of the human. It has been often pointed out to the fact that the culture-related phenomenon includes the following triad: a human – objectively existent world – absolute world.

It must be clear that the given trichotomy can’t be universal but it certainly has the right to exist. If we rely on the already mentioned approach, then it’s possible to present the following systematics: a) verity and the ideas regarding it determine perception of the world/universe by an individual, by the essence of his creative power. b) The combination of the above-mentioned components creates culture-related phenomenon. At present, the common cultural (spiritual, social-economical, political, technolo- gical) context undergoes radical changes. Almost already for half a century the thinkers and the scientists discuss the topic regarding the similarity or the difference between the epochs of the modern and the postmodern.

The approach that a human is in the ambivalent situation, that he is unable to rely on the narratives created in the result of the prior antecedents and experience because they cannot “satisfy” him, overweighs the other ideas. In the process of the confrontation or comparison of the XX century art samples the critics openly point out to the fact that the founding of some new conception of the world or philosophy of life or cultural period is quite late. This border has already been overstepped and the thinkers still try to blaze the trails. It’s true that the understanding of the knowledge in the postmodern channel is not stable anymore; still, it must be based on the ideas and experience of the “ innovative” postmodern classics.

It must be taken into consideration that the formerly acquired postmodern knowledge is important for the overcoming of the postmodern episteme. It’s difficult to say how will the mechanism of the gathered knowledge in the society develop or what way will the events progress. One thing is clear that the new theories must be comprehended with great care, the majority of which, to our mind, does not submit logics or has simply some speculative meaning. In all probability the existence of the definitely named and determined epoch is under the question. “Unrestricting” was overcome by the postmodern earlier. Every new epoch in any art direction based on the experience of the predecessor, expands and equips the old ones with the new signs and qualities.

The classic art (literature) created and formed the models: meaningful narratives, based on the artistic verity and moral-ethical values. The basis of the modern is positivistic philosophy, phenomenology, modernizmidan post-postmodernizmamde Freidism, Marxism, and the doctrines of Nietzsche. If the positivism and phenomeno- logy strived to achieve the objectification of the knowledge, the followers of Freidism, Marxism, and the Nietzsche theories were involved in human studies. Taking into consideration the Georgian literary experience, during the modern period two kinds of positions have been framed out which confront and contradict sear- ching after verity.

In its turn this phenomenon anticipates the process of desimiotisation in the culture – when the words and the objects do not relate to each other. One thing is to rush to the ultimate world, and the other thing is to have the futuristic attitude towards the world. The concept “postmodern” is of the ambivalent nature. It is understood as the attempt of overcoming the modern as well as the cultural paradigm of its continuation. The postmodern as a conception of the world anticipates the assertion of the concept itself. The postmodern is closely connected with technological innovations. Social organization and the strength of the human existence, the personal opinion on the truth, the universe, and the person himself, determine the essence of the culture.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 20/2 (2019), გვ. 187–199. ნაშრომის გახსნა