"სუბიექტური თხრობა და ციტირებული მეტყველება": ისტორია, თეორია და პრაქტიკა (XX საუკუნის დასავლეთ-ევროპული რომანის მიხედვით)

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

The work deals with the issues of literary theory, such as the character of contemporary West-European novel narrative and types of personage’s speech. Emphases are made on finding exact Georgian equivalents for newly established terminology. The above mentioned problem is discussed within the scope of history of literature, as well as theory and practice. In XX century, a novel expressing more sincerity of feelings and emotions, reached unimaginable scales of its possibilities. In addition to reflection of thoughts, revealing and painting deep layers of human’s spiritual world by previously unknown means was witnessed in art. “Subjective” approach replaced “objective” narrative.

The author of the article discusses peculiarities of subjective narrative and forms of personage’s speech, attitude of a novelist towards past events and a speaker, shows the atmosphere of those works, where facts are no longer revealed and the protagonist has to tell about his life with the help of his thoughts and memories. Against this background, character’s language, inner speech that can be of several types, attracts our attention. Monologue rapporte (French), to which the author refers to as “cited monologue”, is singled out among them. Author defines it as a manner of narration in first person, taking place in associative- subjective present tense, which is syntactically organized, but contains a number of characteristic features of the stream of consciousness’ interior monologue.

Examples from XX century European novelists’ works serve as a proof for this discussion. It is acknowledged that narrated story includes three layers: events, words or speech and thoughts. The author regards it vital to define to what extent is the narrator “distant” or “near” to the expressed facts. In other words, distance determines the degree of narrator’s intervention in the story that he tells. Difference between novels is in the expression of distance of events, speech and thoughts. The opposition between “nearness” and “distantness” leads us towards the existing irrelevance between “objective” and “subjective”, to what we have– “showing” or “saying”.

As for the techniques of subjective realism, it is determined by “vision by one of the character’s” (vision avec – French), which has conquered contemporary novel. Speech and peculiarities of psychological diction are defined in the given article. Viewpoint is also discussed in the work, as it is regarded as a defining element of syntactical and semantic parts of speech. The author considers that the study of emotions expressed with the help of a text is a part of literary analysis. Emotionality and its expression are essential for speech, which is showed by psychological analysis and linguistics of expression, though feelings are displayed more with the help of words.

This linguistics requires specialized vocabulary and morphology, which belongs to the so called “expressive modalization”. A class of feeling expressing modalization is singled out, expressing subject’s “condition of spirit”, these are: verbs, general nouns, adjectives and adverbs. In general, feeling expressing modalization is based on positive and negative evaluation of expressed things and situations. Sensitivity-emotionality is a complex phenomenon, and can be discussed from several viewpoints, mostly by means of description and text analysis. If it can be approached from psychological analysis, then it should be based on semio-linguistic analysis.

“Condition of Spirit” is represented not only by relevant vocabulary, but also by general terminology: feeling, emotion or aspiration. The author of the article widely discusses the history for establishment of means for reflecting psychic life and their theoretical value. Based on the researches of scientists, the author emphasizes similarities and differences between cited monologue (monologue rapporte) and interior monologue. The author introduces Georgian equivalents for foreign terminology: “noticeable dissonance”, “noticeable consonance”, “narrative monologue”, “cited monologue” and “autonomic” or “interior monologue”. During the research he mainly uses the conclusions of French, English and Russian literary critics.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 9 (2008), გვ. 39–40. ნაშრომის გახსნა