ბიბლიის განმარტების მეთოდები

აბსტრაქტი

სტატიიდან აღებული ავტორის ინგლისურენოვანი რეზიუმე:

Among the methods of the explanations of the Bible, which have been elaborated by the clergy for centuries, the most distinguishing is Allegorical Method. It has been established in the Alexandrian School. Palestine was the first country where there were followers who were trying to learn the covert conceptions of the text of the Bible. Although, its final formations are connected with the name of Paul the Disciple. He established the Christian-Allegorical method of explanations of the Bible and also created its terminology. The most important type of an Allegorical explanation is Prophetic Explanation. This is an attempt of searching the indications for the future occurrences.

For example: arrival of Messiah, resurrection of deceased, establishment of heavenly kingdom by Christ and etc. Many of the Bible parts are explained as prophesy about the church. This method of an explanation of Bible is also well known for Georgian spiritual literature. All the terms that are used by the followers of this method are well known for our writers. The most developed tendency is the one, which is in accordance with the fact that all the occurrences or events of “New Testament” are predicted in “Old Testament”. This way, the events of the Divine History is connected to Christ and his epoch. Allegory connects two great worlds with each other.

In old Georgian translations of “New Testament” there are preserved those terminological details, which allows us to observe the processes of Christian Theology – formation of Theological terms, exegetics, as an interpretation of the letter of the text of divine, formation of theological bases. This proves that translation skills in working for the public Georgian erudite, their principles were based not only on knowing Greek language perfectly, but understanding Christian Theology with its esthetic-theory issues. Palestinian rabbis used to separate indirect, non-literal interpretations of the Bible in different types: 1) With faith; 2) With moral; 3) With wisdom; 4) With rationality; 5) With belief.

According to Philon’s idea, there are two main types of allegorical interpretations: physical and ethical. Both of them present the types of allegory and it is supported by the examples from philosophical researches, therefore allegorical interpretation is equal to the philosophical interpretation. By the influence of Philon, Climent from Alexandria turned the philosophical interpretation into Christian side and also added four types of “New Testament” which is know as a term of “Allegory”. Climent is using other equal words for the term “Allegory”. But at last Climent separates the interpretation of Holy Scripture into two classes: direct and allegorical, whereas allegorical into three classes: moral, physical and theological.

It has to be pointed out that these ideas of Middle Age theologians were shared by Dante Alighieri and he also made all these for the fundament of his “Divine Comedy”. In one of the Scriptures Dante points out that it needs six components to understand the poem: 1) Subject Matter; 2) Author; 3) Form; 4) Goal/Aim; 5) The Title; 6) Type of Philosophy in which the script is written. Dante separates the ways of understanding the theme into four ways: word-by- word, allegorical, moral and analogous. Out of these four meanings, except for one Dante unites other three meanings as one – allegorical. Authenticity that is hidden under the Holy Scripture is spiritual, with the mystic character; just as the body covers the soul, through the lines of Holy Scripture there is authenticity hidden inside.

“Holy Scripture” contains the indications which can be considered as the “Secret Ideas” writes Climent from Alexsandria. After all these terms with “Allegory” and metaphors make one big group which is called “Tropes”. Without the meaning and understanding of these secret ideas, Holy Scripture would only be the historical remark – this is the way how the followers of allegorical method think. Symbolism of Bible is provided because of the authenticity of Holy Scripture in it, whereas the authenticity of divine can not be spoken directly. We can only precise this supreme authenticity in secret faces, signs. Each of the face, sign means much more inside itself as it shows out very briefly, it has deaper meaning as we can find out about it by looking with brief view.

Therefore it is necessary for “Translations”. Whole church literature – this is the widespread meaning/explanation”. The most important type of the Allegorical interpretation is the Prophetic Allegorical Interpretation. This is the type of an interpretation, which provides the searching for the future events in the text of Bible. Every prophet comes form Lord. Angel, prophet, evangelist – the name of God is on everybody’s lips. Therefore God directs the ways people can understand everything that comes from God. In “Old Testament” every before-told meaning, after the arrival of Savior has been done: appearance of the predecessor, birth of Savior, Annunciation, arrival in Jerusalem, purifying the churches, recovering of diseased people, betraying Jesus by Jude, crucifixion, dividing the attire of Jesus and the last Easter.

Evangelists and Savior himself confirms prophets and discusses them with the meaning of the being authenticity though the centuries, for which the time has come to be done. Symbols need the deep analysis, because there is authenticity and secret of the universe in hidden in harmony. The history of universe/world is clearer after the arrival of Messiah. With the arrival of Savior the preparation period ends.

გამოქვეყნებულია ჟურნალში „სჯანი“, ტ. 10 (2009), გვ. 100–111. ნაშრომის გახსნა